ࡱ> gif@ @#jbjb&& &`DDKldddd84<d- Hhhhh-------,a0 2-- hh  hh- TT-  6*- t)dd @+- --+3 3-  Anaomy & Physiology: Lymph/Immune Outline BASIC PRINCIPLES OF HYPERLINK "http://www.cat.cc.md.us/courses/bio141/lecguide/unit3/index.html#overview"SPECIFIC IMMUNITY & IMMUNIZATION In this chapter you are responsible for starred items. If a heading is starred, but only some of the sub items are, you are responsible for those that are starred. I. Immunology and Immunity*HYPERLINK "http://www.uccs.edu/~rmelamed/MicroSpring%202006/ch17-1.ppt"PowerPoint II. Types of Immunity - HYPERLINK "http://www.uccs.edu/~rmelamed/MicroFall2002/Chapter%2017/Immunity%20Chart.html"Chart* A. Innate immunity* B. HYPERLINK "http://www.cat.cc.md.us/courses/bio141/lecguide/unit3/humoral/activepassive/artificial/artificial.html"Acquired immunity (adaptive immunity) * C. HYPERLINK "http://www.cat.cc.md.us/courses/bio141/lecguide/unit3/humoral/activepassive/artificial/artificial.html"Active and passive immunity* 1. Natural acquired active immunity* 2. Artificial acquired active immunity* 3. Natural acquired passive immunity*HYPERLINK "http://www.promom.org/bf_info/sci_am.htm"Breast feeding 4. Artificial acquired passive immunity* III. Characteristics of the Immune System* A. Antigens and antibodies * 1. Antigens* 2. Epitopes (antigenic determinants)* 3. Hapten* 4. HYPERLINK "http://www.uccs.edu/~rmelamed/MicroFall2002/Chapter%2017/Antibodies.html"Antibodies* consequences of HYPERLINK "http://www.uccs.edu/~rmelamed/MicroFall2002/Chapter%2017/antibody%20binding"antibody binding 5. Titer B. Cells and tissues of the immune system* 1. Cell development 2. B lymphocytes*(general knowledge of their role) a. Bursa of Fabricius b. Stem cell differentiation c. Gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) 3. HYPERLINK "http://www.uccs.edu/~rmelamed/MicroFall2002/Chapter%2017/T-cells.html" T lymphocytes* a. HYPERLINK "http://www.uccs.edu/~rmelamed/MicroFall2002/Chapter%2017/T-cell%20Differentiation%202.jpg"Stem cell differentiation *(general knowledge of their role) b. Cytotoxic T (TC) cells* c. Delayed-type hypersensitivity T (TD) cells d. Helper T (TH) cells* e. Suppressor T (TS) cells 4. Natural killer cells* C. Dual nature of the immune system* 1. Humoral immunity* 2. Cell-mediated immunity* D. General properties of immune responses * 1. Recognition of self versus nonself* a. Clonal selection theory HYPERLINK "http://www.uccs.edu/~rmelamed/MicroFall2002/Chapter%2017/B-Cell%20Clonal%20Selection.html"B-cells* b. Tolerance* c. Clonal deletion* 2. Specificity* a. Definition* b. Cross-reactions 3. Heterogeneity 4. Memory a. Memory cells b. Anamnestic response IV. Humoral Immunity* A. General characteristics* 1. Antigen types* 2. Antigen sensitization 3. Plasma cells* B. Properties of Antibodies(immunoglobulins)* 1. Light chains * 2. Heavy chains* 3. Constant and variable regions* 4. Antigen binding sites* 5. Fab and Fc regions * C. HYPERLINK "http://www.uccs.edu/~rmelamed/MicroFall2002/Chapter%2017/Antibody%20types.jpg"Classes of immunoglobulins* 1. IgG* 2. IgM* 3. IgA* a. J chain b. Secretory piece 4. IgE* 5. IgD* 6. Antibody titer D. HYPERLINK "http://www.uccs.edu/~rmelamed/MicroFall2002/Chapter%2017/Antibody%20Time%20Course.jpg"Primary and secondary responses * 1. Primary response* 2. Secondary response* E. Kinds of antigen-antibody responses * F. HYPERLINK "http://www.uccs.edu/~rmelamed/MicroFall2002/Chapter%2017/Antibody%20function.jpg"How humoral responses eliminate foreign antigens * 1. Basic mechanisms* a. Agglutination* b. Opsonization* c. Activation of complement* Do not wrry about the detailed mechanism of complement. Know that it makes a membrane attack complex and what that is. d. Neutralization 2. Summary of humoral immunity V. Monoclonal Antibodies A. HYPERLINK "http://www.uccs.edu/~rmelamed/MicroFall2002/Chapter%2017/Monoclonal%20Antibodies.jpg"Production 1. Hybridoma formation * 2. Cloning of cells B. Uses* 1. Research tools* 2. Diagnostic uses* 3. Therapy* VI. Cell-Mediated Immunity * A. General characteristics* B. HYPERLINK "http://www.uccs.edu/~rmelamed/MicroFall2002/Chapter%2017/T-cell%20responses.html"The cell-mediated immune reactions * 1. Antigen processing* 2. Helper T (TH) cells * a. TH1 (inflammatory T) cells* b. TH2 cells* 3. Suppressor T (TS) cells 4. Delayed hypersensitivity T (TD) cells 5. HYPERLINK "http://www.cat.cc.md.us/courses/bio141/lecguide/unit3/cellular/cmidefense/ctls/ctldefense.html"Cytotoxic (killer) T (TC) cells* 6. Natural killer (NK) cells* 7. Memory T cells 8. Lymphokine release* C. How killer cells kill* D. The role of activated macrophages* E. HYPERLINK "http://www.cat.cc.md.us/courses/bio141/lecguide/unit3/hypersensitivity/superantigen/superantigen.html"Superantigens VII. Factors That Modify Immune Responses A. Compromised host B. Modifying factors 1. Age 2. Stress 3. Diet 4. Exercise 5. Injuries 6. Environmental factors IX. Immunization A. Active immunization 1. Vaccines 2. Toxoids 3. Principles of active immunization a. Role of immune system b. Nature of immunizing preparation c. Effect of booster shots d. Route of administration e. Storage of vaccines f. Properties of general-use vaccines g. Properties of special-use vaccines 4. Recommended immunizations a. DTaP vaccine b. Poliomyelitis vaccine c. MMR vaccine d. Hib vaccine e. Others 5. Hazards of vaccines B. Passive immunization 1. Antisera 2. Immune serum globulin 3. Hyperimmune (convalescent) sera 4. Antitoxins 5. Effect of passive immunization 6. Hazards of passive immunization C. Future of Immunization 1. Criteria 2. Whole-cell killed vaccines 3. Subunit vaccines 4. Recombinant DNA vaccines X. Immunity to Various Kinds of Pathogens A. Bacteria B. Viruses 1. Antiviral immune action 2. Nonspecific responses to viral invasion C. Fungi D. Protozoa and helminths 1. Effect of parasitic invasion 2. 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