ࡱ> UWT@ Cjbjb&& &6DDKl00000008 <x'00000C] i5'7'7'7'7'7'7',*  ,c'0q?Cqqc' 00000 qt00005' D,p,0000q5' > u%00)'` &)' x'x'&, ,)'  Anatomy & PHYSIOLOGY  Study Guide for: Cardiovascular System Blood List the functions of Blood Understand, describe, and Identify* the different components of blood: Blood plasma* Erythrocytes* (mature vs. immature) Proteins Platelets* (aka thrombocytes) Albumins Leukocytes* Globulins neutrophils* Fibrinogen lymphocytes* Enzymes monocytes* (tissue macrophages) Water eosinophils* Electrolytes basophils* Nutrients, Hormones, Gases, Vitamins Waste products Define & discuss the following: Hematocrit Viscosity Exchange trasfusion, autologous transfusion, packed red blood cells (PRBCs) Plasma expanders Serum Hemoglobin Immunoglobins (antibodies) Coagulation Hemostatis Blood type- surface antigens (A,B, & D/Rh) Describe hemopoiesis. Hemocytoblasts proerythroblast erythroblasts Myeloblast megakaryoblast Monoblast lymphoblast erythropoietin (EPO) Describe the following conditions / disorders: Anemia (hemorrhagic, sickle-cell, aplastic, pernicious) Erythropoenia vs. erythrocytosis Leukemia Polycythemia (polycythemia vera & erythrocytosis) Hypoxia / hypercapnia / hyperkalemia Thrombus / embolism Heart & Blood Vessels Be able to describe the size & location of the heart. Describe the structure of the pericardium and heart wall. Pericardium Heart Wall Parietal layer epicardium Visceral layer myocardium Pericardial fluid endocardium Discuss the route of blood in cardiac, systemic, hepatic portal, and pulmonary circulation. Explain what a portal system is. Describe the passage of blood in the heart (from chamber to chamber through valves) Be able to describe the differences between prenatal and postnatal circulation. Foramen ovale (fossa ovalis), ductus arteriosus (ligamentum arteriosum), umbilical a. & v. Explain the structure and function of the different blood vessels (capillary, artery, arteriole, vein, venule). Vasodilation / vasoconstriction Sinusoids Explain how the heart contracts. Sinoatrial--> atrioventrical (AV) node--> Bundles of His--> Purkinje fibers Systole / diastole Define the following conditions / disorders. Coronary artery disease aneurysm pericarditis/carditis heart failure Atherosclerosis arrhythmias bradycardia/tachycardia heart murmur Myocardial infarction patent foramen ovale (blue baby) Varicose veins hemorrhoids Identify and describe the different chambers and valves of the heart from a model, cat or sheep heart*. Understand the branching of the blood vessels Right atrium* (auricles) interventrical septum* anterior interventrical sulcus* Left atrium* tricuspid valve posterior interventrical sulcus* Right ventricle* bicuspid valve* chordae tendineae* Left ventricle* aortic semilunar valve* papillary muscle* Rt. & L coronary sulcus pulmonary semilunar valve* Interatrial septum* atrioventicular groove* Aoric arch* (w/ brachiocephalic a.*, L. common cartoid a.*, L. subclavian a.*) Ascending & descending aorta* pulmonary trunk* (w/ Rt. & L. pulmonary a.*) Rt. & L. pulmonary veins* inferior & superior vena cava* Rt. & L. coronary arteries greater/middle/small cerdiac v. anterior cardiac veins Anterior & posterior interventricular arteries circumflex artery marginal artery Coronary sinus* Identify the following from slides & diagrams. Atery Vein Tunica externa tunica externa Tunica media tunica media Tunica interna (intima) tunica interna (intima) Endothelium endothelium Vavles Identify the following from models, diagrams and cat*. Understand the branching patterns of the blood vessels Arteries Veins Rt. & L. common cartoid* brachiocephalic* Internal carotid internal jugular* External cartoid* subclavian* Axillary* axillary* Brachial* & deep brachial brachial* Radial radial Ulnar ulnar Intercostal* cephalic Celiac basilic Common hepatic median cubital Splenic median antebrachial Superior mesenteric hepatic Inferior mesenteric renal* Renal* suprarenal Gonadal (testicular, ovarian) intercostal Common iliac (not on cat) hepatic portal External iliac* common iliac* Internal iliac* internal iliac* Femoral* gonadal (testicular, ovarian) Deep femoral external iliac* Saphenous* (only in cat) superior mesenteric Popliteal inferior mesenteric Anterior tibial deep femoral Posterior tibial femoral* Peroneal tibial popliteal* Posterior tibial Anterior tibial Peroneal (fibular) Great saphenous* Small saphenous LYMPHATIC SYSTEM: Describe the function & formation of lymph. Draw and label a typical lymph node. Include: Capsule, trabechulae, afferent, & efferent channels. Know the functions & location of the following organs: Lingual tonsils( 2) spleen thymus appendix Pharyngeal tonsil (1) Palatine tonsils (2) Peyers pathches Explain the circulation of lymph through the lymphatic system to the circulatory system. Know/locate on drawing the 6 major Lymphoid tissues & lymph node region& the areas they filter. 6 Lymphoid Tissues are: Cervical, Axillary, Popliteal & inguinal, Thoracic, Abdominal, Intestinal & Peyers patches Define the following terms: Lymph lacteals lymph ducts Lymphatic vessels lymph nodes lymphatic valves Lymphatic capillaries lymphatic nodules lymphocytes (B,T,NK cells) Know the difference between humoral vs cellular immunity. Be specific Maladies to descrive and know: Appendicitis Allergy Automimmune disease HIV Tonsilits Lymphoma Identify for essay: Lymph Node locations: cervical, axillary, thoracic, popliteal, abdominal, inguinal Locate: cisterna chyli, and thoracic and right lymphatic duct RESPIRATORY SYSTEM: List the functions of the respiratory system: Describe function and list organs associated with Respiratory system. Explain mechanisms of Inspiration/Expiration and role/origin of pulmonary surfactant. Differentiates alveolar type 1 & type 2 cells. 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