ࡱ> VXU@ ` jbjb&& &:DDKl\\\\8 D\V% % 1%%%%%%%,' )A%9 99A%1 1 1 1 94%1 ,0,9%1 1 S#%.\\m #% V%V%#*1 *%1  Anatomy & PHYSIOLOGY  UNIT 1 Study Guide for: Structure/Movement Skeletal System List and describe the 5 Functions of the skeletal system. Know the basic structural differences between 3 cartilage components: chondrocytes, chondroblasts, and lacunae Know the difference between Apositional vs Interstitial cartilage growth. Understand the components of bone: 2/3= Calcium Phosphate + Calcium Hydoroxide = Hydroxyapatite 1/3= Collagen fiber for rebarb foundation. Define: Osteoprogenitor Osteocytes Osteoblasts Osteoclasts Identify: Osteon haversian canal lacuae canaliculi lamellae trabecullae Be able to descrive/define long bone components: Diaphyis epiphysis metaphysis endosteum periosteum articular cartilage compact bone cancellous bone marrow cavity Know the 4 major set of vessels for bone Explain the steps that are required for repair of bone. What is bone remodeling? How does age and stress affect bone? List & give examples of the 6 different bone types: Long short flat irregular sesamoid Wormian Describe the following fractures: Greenstick Spiral Simple/closed Colles vs Smiths Stress Compound/open Potts Epiphysyeal Displaced/non-displaced Communited Transverse Compression Know components of Axial vs Appendicular Describe & Give an example of following bone markings: Fossa trochanter condyle process Facet crest line sinus Tuberosity spine foramen canal Epicondyle fissure tubercle malleolus Know how to determine sex of a skeleton. Define the following Maladies of skeletal system: Scoliosis/Kyphosis/Lordosis Ostopenia/Osteoporosis/Rickets Acromegaly/Giantism/Dwarfism Pneumothorax/hemothorax Understand & be able to site examples of the following joints: FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATION Synarthrosis: Suture: Gomphosis: Synchondrosis: Amphiarthrosis: Symphysis: Syndesmosis: Diarthrosis: Gliding: Hinge: Pivot: Ellipsodial: Saddle: Ball & socket: Define the following types of movement & know where it occurs at the joint. Flexion protraction dorsiflexion rotation Extension retraction plantar flexion circumdcuction: Hyperextension inversion supintion elevation Abduction eversion pronation depression Adduction opposition Know the 6 characteristics of a synovial joint. KNOW THE KNEE! Knee parts to also include: Supra/infra /prepatellar bursae infrapatellar fat pad patella MCL /LCL/ACL/PCL medial/lateral menisci Patellar ligament popliteal ligament Articular cartilage Know general features of : Shoulder Hip vertebral joints temperomandibular joint (TMJ) How does aging/stress affect articulations? Define and describe the following structures: Synovial Fluid Meniscus(-i) Interosseous Membrane Tendons Ligaments Labrums Bursa(e) Fat Pads Define and Describe the following disorders: Rheumatoid Arthritis Slipped disk Bunion Osteoarthritis Sprain Ankylosis Herniated disk Flat Feet Luxation(dislocation) Axial Skeleton (80 Bones)-(and their required associated structures) Skull and Associated Bones Cranial (8)-Sagittal suture, coronal suture, lambdoidal suture, squamosal suture, Wormian Bones OCCIPITAL BONE (1) Foramen Magnum (1) Occipital Condyles (2) Jugular foramen (2) (also w/temporal bone) Hypoglossal Canals (2) PARIENTAL BONES (2) Superior and inferior temporal lines (1 per) FRONTAL BONE (1) Supraorbital Foramen (2) Frontal Sinuses (usually appear after the age of six-very variable) Superior temporal line (2) ( shared w/ Pariental, attaches temporals m.) TEMPORAL BONES (2) (Squamous Portion) Zygomatic Process (1 Per) Mandibular Fossa (1 Per) (Tympanic Portion) External auditory canal or Ext. auditory meatus (1 per) (Mastoid Portion) Mastoid Process and Mastoid foramen Stylomastoid Foramen Styloid Process Foramen Lacerum Carotid Canal Auditory Tube (Petrous Portion) Internal acoustic canal/ meatus SPHENOID BONE (1) Sella turcica or Hyphyseal fossa (1) Optic Canal (2) Foramen rotundum (2) Foramen Ovale (2) Foramen Spinosum (2) Pterygoid Processes (2) Pterygoid canal (2) ETHMOID BONE (1)- Epithelial cover includes olfactory receptors Cribriform Plate (1) Latteral masses conatining ethmoidal sinuses (2) Perpendicular process (1) w/ vomer and cart. Forms nasal septum Crista Galli (1) FACIAL (14)- inferior and superior orbital fissures, nasalacrimal canal MAXILLARY BONES (2) Alveolar Processes-holds teeth Maxillary Sinuses Zygomatic process Infraorbital Foramen Palatal Processes Incisive Fossa Palatine bones (2)- forms posterior portion of hard palate Greater palatine foramen (1 per) plus other minor ones Nasal bones (2) Inferior nasal conchae (2)- as the super, and med. Conchae of the ethmoids lateral masses Zygomatic bones(2) Temporal process (1per) Zygomaticofacial foramen (1 per)- sensory nerve for cheek Lacrimal bones (2) Lacrimal groove (1 per) to the nasolacrimal canal for the tear duct Vomer (1)- forms inferior portion of the nasal septum Mandible (1) Body (1) Ramus (2=rami) Condylar processes (2) Coronoid processes (2)- Where temporalis m. inserts Mental foramen (2)- sensory n. for lips and chin Alveolar process- attach teeth, cover roots Madibular canal (2)- sensory nerves for lower teeth Hyoid (1)- suspended by and within the styohyoid ligaments- serves as a base for several muscles associated with the tongue and larynx VERTEBRAL COLUMN (26)- typical vetebra with inferior and superior articular processes, a spinous process, a vertebral body, transverse processes, a vertebral foramen, an intervertebral foramen, and are seperated by intervertebral discs Vertebrae (24) Cervical (7)- smaller vertebral body, larger vertebral foramen, with transverse processes Atlas (C1) and Axis (C2) (axis pivots within atlas articulated with the occipital condyles Thoracic (12)-distinctive heart shaped body, each articulates with ribs Lumbar (5)- largest of the vertebrae, surfaces oval rather than heart shaped Sacrum (1)- completely fused between ages 25-30 Sacral canal Median sacral crest Sacral foramina Coccyx (3-5 bones) begin fusing by age 26, in elderly people the coccyx may fuse with the sacrum THORACIC CAGE (25) Sternum (1) 3 parts= manubrium, body, and xyphoid process Ribs (24)- all include: head, neck, tubercle, angle, body True ribs (7) False ribs (5), Inferior 2= Floating ribs KNOW ALL APPENDICAULAR (126+) bones and bony landmarks... Yep, all :)     Medical Health Pathway & Science @ West Hills High School \! : = > M p ;         ] _ ` OJQJ CJOJQJ CJOJQJ5 5OJQJ5>*OJQJOJQJ CJOJQJ5CJ0OJQJ jU5CJ(OJQJ)K\QRv'2wy' ( R S 8 ]` ^`]K\QRv'2wy' ( R S 8 [   ; < s 5 6 7 i ! > L U a w Hw "#b~1L)m9:;b8 [   ; < s 5 6 7 i ! > L U a w  ]^`] Hw "#b~1L]`)m9:;%>k;]9NtASj~P%]%9Mdx ij}+,bcq{ 7m] ij}+,bcq{ 7mn=n}U ] ` .mn=n}U     ]` ]^ ]^]     ] ^ _ ` ]$a$ (# $1h/ =!"#$%% Dd : N  C *Aj0186002B.1"w̮e4KE_D0TW@jHLW*] a~% \>"8<*'vxeZxVǶg=Bp%XpK; Z,+n E ^ܭ@R<8?o1猝=^;JysgObzbz<=}y8.\3Sq$ܝnws*];J _b2Os.3W7[̬2l-3]DH3@ۛj:跦&0axjj SL 0QB>L:yjR TV_mTyJEycb= ϟf硙gz{n:Od\7~<>;)TԔa>dOa9]^OX4w0½rtW5;%ImwH}=n^t[۬_&m9:[ҭέ)rM>c2קL.}IO{4'O;v'2LqwMd!Vl/SqZ|ϲP,IJNeIho;ZV.iM9-F>E Gt\rU7-.u<\IOzޖ"$rf!Հs-uCZ79\ ?n J 䦢n6h5MGK7uQυ /4"karsԕ<8nָDAlwqq8末 ..D=.ӎˮ1fD/>Y~a?uae6E㕋gOuD5k5+]VI4?5~oWh;Qk-m{ lwzZǖ6Zh ZJhqݩMZTjY]:O$môvD;jue9_:)P Os.U]SXnJ0K݀zH[l3tcn7 ^GgeCrW7|t%O$yS01}6rNt6{і[hpMIs"jG6oPQ< ~$QU򣞔D )R%PFjGQ G _(]X d4h½l=mO!+}n/TGmo @A@'t[]NI?%eL2OirBu)'%0ؗ'1l" Nd]$64D8WY/ اfc2w0ڼI3yҹҙ92`%*'f<71F"w2L`9W#ݍb@;g%&"Y6A4m)4UʏrmVis26Tюv9i˥ٮc4䃽HQ7 g9,(ei͊Fzյ;Rw+ h\hqiJy'{,\O݁ ilXL{{cL Ѭζ(m1Z CMJo֞?!Bb(݂9t݆Et#zaqGƇxU{kNU4QF2ZW5Ҟ6Xڮ!^ e-֥GKϩWRܴp&'0%h23"] ~ʸ:aI ۡ/@Uˊ mԴPEEP"uci8D%j7c݁v??ݩ~v5Møo;k2Ol=l%Q&Gvt>*yZkSa͌6;~|y5#3jSS{׼P*RY41M5K}'TwP lkG3`ϩ5o郯QPe9 P Ј}Z+:![7j+^#%1oIRGkW65L S)F55NV޲t%&jI4 u5X {TS"zM6HG}1stOh0X4%QmaPzq~MD}CM"(dQ)ȇȅȁȎ|_A؆`8~ gXCl$;q-GpGqx<AU:sZ}ԘhJO-qv[ΌaEf)if0Vf ,כgYB_Kf ӸcWkg<8Eb'}#m^6I#dwvӬ@-Qq6PD :Quey 0d·%]9^~>IY5RHPETQ?%:4ff}5$>~"818G[M,/:hsB{K?mqWaE$˿켖OPP\ԁ`'5"ۗsn/h8,B=`)~kS/.xpLڱp_ ~el`Dl\و{XjwrN/mB4ka)u] q¶ms@)Co<,,JTj+0w!m4fقﭩaN` ==e|}EM}s;}9q6o~˓lm8-cȈumP ul5f$ePlP(7_!w!=\N' Wj]i0L,3t޳Es|D '4kЎȢG'#qnGy zUjX_ڕ墝hojݴ?n=}50 nhPG>l[dgıil)|c— %yc}B0'[tse~/cus_{y#aS2W*wy}]//|K᧟&7 ҆ʴ> 6Au$1.nzh̅%3Ruݵy5y՘0{(Cp,b+r1dH./`G-QR!Tqg]1Glβ -&mQ4f-o})Y!+PDdƳߟK;FӞ>ݖ!g7|ŽA12xQPj;#dBvZ&fixaF+ay,s3c_%YLfOc!j|?H_1aHu%ewYy(圼EV3SÞ{}E'i[r7>17+FfM418얽nw[&G9)7\tu+)]V*`_c_]{Q>>N.zr̖6ɨce>H-R_&ϐ:RJ^/KBk@oG' u&sڻ?W不JgG-).^:Z@]+ lrT@،9WrqB;,b1ٵ|߉T;p)kjW>4[W@^s?`yj WE޸rl+&_\^k<*D.!}5)+^Enj2mKGEiK mgXK'+UӖA6[~TB]E^kO?6,5Zkׁ,Z!;uY䋥T7g=W6BZEfvg=A6 A\;zPv@yۂJʴ=|BUB XmY'5'XAƠ>B\zYcC[?h y!< E Bg<5Iy4 ԲrKk mC~M@\!-e~~'Pcjhs|ڤbS08T#W%0P2TPQ=6g,FJ-eGUyTįciƶ#O>+lFx=!֝潿BxO%^H,vbtT5qDs:]td-<`;w8N qU} (9~E,}~99,GZTW&Hr)&L9dcšf59_o(1E6ߚgD%A3JP-*)kr#eDTY s)2b1_/.{ Q]3Fp21Sd|]ZNq-sFXxs)̷gy)KmS$KINVF(+IQj8#@Ff4-yql ! FvMhx. n41m&QW4?b4DAShSjqͥU46ڔh4\[k)4k)5Sk!Mq5 =bq OK:O Ys?1ڟ[-hN'"hAA@џ2~O!. FRCnLFQLoϓ?JnYBJU2չmcrF]rZMtca3)T ٶ6.'m+\'j њNҴvY. yf4lfد9?wɝ<*bfȇmY hC1g!ڔ<@$5U=֋(G;ʻXKW9.Bc8n.jަpnӓdd{Yi}OΉf?L/>Ѹql~s^צXWgۋrrf12a2~~kvvw6&.vhviqլ88pY.^.4rV*dd-d(}w;xyqkq~qM&m{\k6ӄQ3j`/Lm]Iiu6q@Gj0ߋ a~I{s='vHm]o܅ZO=#d|-5%3PS@mގj,] eVC8gk~'BFbFaF㼎#ϕLbd81n5ZUkcvV۔Dv>j'[V"niSKlfVQ Mk̂ؔYf3l<o] 2#N&y1;GmZ3|iЎ\ߕٟ󏲙0y"!H4 т5v6].BKZV״XWΞ{+;4ݪwv#b]M^YA\BiΑFȍa@M-iS;Mfc]D=k0h[.{qq=.{S3j!E] >hnWGQe$ggo] -~ؿJPM[ٽͮց(mds_TҎY)t4k>9u颳 ӵNі:jj=a~ޛɖhzӨfh&Nގ7[rK*§Ȯy#-9GȬ\qyk@E t.q"yk/*vd0/`n04EW5=Wg*.dd.Pև=ޘlcpg$c}8] M}MM4O 5uYWeUد<|l`쟓x{bDa i8@8 NormalCJ_HaJmH sH tH DD Heading 1$@&]5CJOJQJP@P Heading 2 $p@&]^p` 5OJQJPP Heading 3 $`@&]^`` 5OJQJHH Heading 4$p@&]^p 5OJQJ<A@< Default Paragraph Font,@, Header  !, , Footer  !DBD Body TextdT1$7$8$H$ CJOJQJ:P@": Body Text 2 ]OJQJ>Q@2> Body Text 3 ] CJOJQJ`:!z!z!z!z7; `2E; JJJJJM` 8 %m ` ` l!",2$.1"w̮e4KE@!0(  B S  ?` OLE_LINK1aa#./1 %28:CKQS]kv@H"*.5+-.:sx{ t>JV_bow^jC K    & o      # + 1 9 dmx*0v!")-67<]ety'/9:Cot;DO[$AHPYjs,1|8A8AOV09ELa2>@@%*G K  m s # , X`R~tz#a:::::::::::::: Rhian Purdy4Purdy's MAC:Users:Rhian:Desktop:HOC2studyguide#1.doc Rhian PurdyJPurdy's MAC:Users:Rhian:Documents:Microsoft User Data:Word Work File A_590 Rhian PurdyKPurdy's MAC:Users:Rhian:Documents:Microsoft User Data:Word Work File A_2406 Rhian Purdy4Purdy's MAC:Users:Rhian:Desktop:HOC2studyguide#1.doc Rhian PurdyKPurdy's MAC:Users:Rhian:Documents:Microsoft User Data:Word Work File A_3222 Rhian PurdyKPurdy's MAC:Users:Rhian:Documents:Microsoft User Data:Word Work File A_3222 Rhian PurdyKPurdy's MAC:Users:Rhian:Documents:Microsoft User Data:Word Work File A_3222 Rhian PurdyKPurdy's MAC:Users:Rhian:Documents:Microsoft User Data:Word Work File A_3222 Rhian PurdyKPurdy's MAC:Users:Rhian:Documents:Microsoft User Data:Word Work File A_2958 Rhian PurdyKPurdy's MAC:Users:Rhian:Documents:Microsoft User Data:Word Work File A_29587,Z#fvj,)h4/6xd38c dWMPn2$v|Li ^`OJQJo(.  ^ `. L ^ `L.xx^x`.HH^H`.L^`L.^`.^`.L^`L.h88^8`OJQJo(hHvh^`OJ QJ ^J o(hHoh  ^ `OJQJo(hHh  ^ `OJQJo(hHhxx^x`OJ QJ ^J o(hHohHH^H`OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJ QJ ^J o(hHoh^`OJQJo(hH^`o(.  ^`OJQJo(pLp^p`L.@ @ ^@ `.^`.L^`L.^`.^`.PLP^P`L.^`o(.^`.pLp^p`L.@ @ ^@ `.^`.L^`L.^`.^`.PLP^P`L.h88^8`OJQJo(hHvh^`OJ QJ ^J o(hHoh  ^ `OJQJo(hHh  ^ `OJQJo(hHhxx^x`OJ QJ ^J o(hHohHH^H`OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJ QJ ^J o(hHoh^`OJQJo(hH^`o(.^`.pLp^p`L.@ @ ^@ `.^`.L^`L.^`.^`.PLP^P`L.^`o(.^`.pLp^p`L.@ @ ^@ `.^`.L^`L.^`.^`.PLP^P`L.38c,Z#,)4/WMPn$v|5*        *^         F(                *^                          a@@@D@(`P @ GTimes New Roman5Symbol3 ArialA Engravers MTKBookman Old Style7 PapyrusKM TrebuchetMSTimesCComic Sans MS;Wingdings? Courier New"1h JFZwB& -. !0dn 2QHX YOU ARE INVITED HP Authorized Customer Rhian Purdy Oh+'0 $0 L X d p|' YOU ARE INVITED HP Authorized CustomerNormal Rhian Purdy24Microsoft Word 10.1@ @2N3@/ 4@A5 ՜.+,D՜.+,< hp|  ' - n  YOU ARE INVITED Title 8@ _PID_HLINKS'AL ] j0186002  !"#$%&'()*+,-.0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDFGHIJKLNOPQRSTWRoot Entry Fìh5YData % 1Table/*WordDocument&:SummaryInformation(EDocumentSummaryInformation8MCompObjX FMicrosoft Word DocumentNB6WWord.Document.8